Bombus terrestris na América do Sul: Possíveis rotas de invasão deste polinizador exótico até o Brasil

Resumo

A abelha Bombus terrestris é um excelente polinizador, prestando importantes serviços ecossistêmicos na Europa e adjacências, onde a espécie é nativa. Contudo, foi criada em larga escala para uso em polinização em ambientes protegidos por empresas especializadas, é vendida para vários países do mundo. São crescentes os relatos de invasão da espécie em áreas fora de sua distribuição natural, onde tem competido com outras abelhas na busca por recursos florais. Bombus terrestris foi introduzida no Chile para polinização agrícola, mas já pode ser encontrada vivendo livre na natureza na Argentina. Porém, o conhecimento sobre as interações locais com plantas e com as outras espécies de abelhas do gênero Bombus nesse novo ambiente ainda é escasso. Por meio de modelos bioclimáticos e análises biogeográficas, foi possível estimar as prováveis rotas por onde a espécie poderá deslocar-se na America do Sul. Uma ênfase foi dada ao território brasileiro.

Abstract

The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is an excellent pollinator, providing important ecosystem services in Europe and surroundings, where this species is native. However, it is reared in large quantities for use in greenhouse pollination by specialized companies that sold colonies to many countries around the world. There are reports of invasion of this species into areas outside its natural range, in which this bee has become a competitor with other local bees in search of floral resources. Bombus terrestris was introduced in Chile for agricultural pollination, but it can be found freely in nature in Argentina. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the interactions with plants and with other local bee species of the genus Bombus in this new environment is still scarce. Through bioclimatic models and biogeographic analysis, it was possible to estimate the likely routes by which this bee species can move in South America. An emphasis was given to Brazilian territory.

Autores

Dr. Antônio Mauro Saraiva é Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia de Computação e Sistemas Digitais da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. E-mail: saraiva@usp.br
MSc. André Luis Acosta é Doutorando pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. E-mail: andreluisacosta@gmail.com
Dr. Tereza Cristina Giannini é Pós-Doutoranda pelo Departamento de Computação e Sistemas Digitais na Escola Politécnica da USP e Professora da Universidade de Santo Amaro. E-mail: giannini@usp.br
Dra. Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca é Professora Titular Aposentada do Departamento de Ecologia do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo e coordena o grupo de Serviços Ambientais no Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo, e é Professora visitante CAPES/PVNS na Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido. E-mail: vlifonse@ib.usp.br
Dr. Paulo de Marco Jr. é Professor Adjunto III do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. E-mail: pdemarco@icb.ufg.br

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